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CChemistryMathematicsS3 to S6Mining

Mining lab: from rock to metal

A tonne of rock may contain only a few kilograms of tin ore. Follow the rock from the mine to the concentrate and find out when a mine makes a profit.

1 400 t of rock8 t tingrade %SnO₂ → Sn (78.8 %)
LevelS3 to S6
TimeAbout 35 min
You usePercentages, moles, mass balance, profit
PriceFree: no account

🎯 Aim

To use percentage composition, ore grade and recovery to calculate the metal produced from rock, the waste, and the profit of a mine.

You will learn to

  • Calculate percentage composition of a compound.
  • Calculate masses with ore grade and recovery.
  • Calculate profit and the cut-off grade.
  • Discuss mining waste and the environment.

🧭 What to do

  1. Read the tin produced for the starting mine.
  2. Change the Ore grade and watch the profit graph.
  3. Change the Recovery in the washing plant and the Price of tin (example).
  4. Find the cut-off grade where the profit is zero.
  5. Answer the questions with the class data.
  6. Write your conclusion and download your lab report.

🔬 Lab bench

📋 The data

One week at a small tin mine (example data).

🧠 Investigate: answer from the data

Type your answer and tap Check. Use 💡 Hint first; open the method only when you are stuck.

📄 My lab report

Your report collects the aim, your data table, the graphs, your answers and your conclusion. It is made on your phone or computer: nothing is sent to anyone.

Check your conclusion

Tin is 78.8 % of the mass of cassiterite (SnO₂). With an ore grade of about 1 %, more than 99 % of the rock becomes waste, so a mine must handle large amounts of rock and protect land and rivers. Better recovery and higher grades give more metal; below the cut-off grade the value of the metal does not pay for mining and processing.

➕ Get more from this experiment

📝 Free

Print the worksheet (button above), download the data, and save your report. Teachers can project this page in class.

📦 Premium Lab Pack

1 000 RWF

  • Worksheet: percentage composition and ore calculations
  • Mining and environment case study
  • Teacher guide and answer key
  • Exam-style questions with marking scheme

👩‍🏫 For teachers

Use it as a practical when apparatus is missing, as homework, or as a project. Free lesson plans help you plan, teach and assess.

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