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BBiologyChemistryS2 to S5Agriculture · Industry

Dairy lab: is this milk good?

At a milk collection centre, every can is tested before it is accepted. Find the cans with added water or souring milk, and see why cooling matters.

1.031g/cm³pH 6.7
LevelS2 to S5 (and TVET)
TimeAbout 35 min
You useDensity, pH, exponential growth
PriceFree: no account

🎯 Aim

To test the quality of milk with density, pH and simple tests, and to explain how temperature affects bacterial growth and souring.

You will learn to

  • Use density to detect added water.
  • Explain souring: lactose to lactic acid.
  • Calculate bacterial growth with doubling times.
  • Explain why milk is cooled.

🧭 What to do

  1. Choose Can 1 and the Lactometer (density). Tap Do the test.
  2. Do every test on every can: your results fill the table.
  3. Find the cans with added water and the cans that are souring.
  4. Change the Storage temperature and read the bacteria after 6 hours.
  5. Answer the questions with the class data.
  6. Write your conclusion and download your lab report.

🔬 Lab bench

📋 The data

Density and pH of five cans of milk.

🧠 Investigate: answer from the data

Type your answer and tap Check. Use 💡 Hint first; open the method only when you are stuck.

📄 My lab report

Your report collects the aim, your data table, the graphs, your answers and your conclusion. It is made on your phone or computer: nothing is sent to anyone.

Check your conclusion

Fresh milk has a density of about 1.028–1.034 g/cm³ and a pH of 6.6–6.8. Added water lowers the density, so the lactometer detects it. Bacteria turn lactose into lactic acid, the pH falls, and the milk clots in the alcohol and boiling tests. Bacteria double quickly at room temperature but very slowly at 4 °C, so milk must be cooled soon after milking.

➕ Get more from this experiment

📝 Free

Print the worksheet (button above), download the data, and save your report. Teachers can project this page in class.

📦 Premium Lab Pack

1 000 RWF

  • Practical worksheet: milk tests with simple equipment
  • Dairy hygiene and calculations
  • Teacher guide and answer key
  • Exam-style questions with marking scheme

👩‍🏫 For teachers

Use it as a practical when apparatus is missing, as homework, or as a project. Free lesson plans help you plan, teach and assess.

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